Mod-13 Aircraft Aerodynamics,Structures

MODULE 13. AIRCRAFT AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS

13.1 Theory of flight

(a) Aeroplane aerodynamics and flightcontrols Operation and effect of: Level 1 ;No. of MCQ

roll control: ailerons and spoilers; pitch control: elevators, stabilators, variable incidence stabilisers and canards;andyaw control: rudder limiters; control using elevons,ruddervators; high-lift devices: slots, slats, flaps;drag-inducing devices: spoilers, liftdumpers, speed brakes; trim tabs, servo tabs, and control surface bias.

(b) Rotary wing aerodynamics Terminology; Operation and effect of cyclic, Level 1 ; No. of MCQ

collective,and antitorque controls.

13.2 Structures general concepts
(a) General concepts; Level 2 ;No. of MCQ
Zonal and station identification systems; Electrical bonding; Lightning strike protection provisions.
(b) Fundamentals of structural systems. Level 1 ;No. of MCQ

13.3 Autoflight(ATA 22)
(a) Fundamentals of automatic flight control: Level 3 ;No. of MCQ
Working principles and current terminology; Command signal processing; Modes of operation: roll, pitch, and yaw channels; Yaw dampers; Stability augmentation system in helicopters; Automatic trim control;
Autopilot navigation aids interface.

(b) Autothrottle systems and automatic landing systems: Level 3 ;No. of MCQ
Principles and categories; Modes of operation; Approach; Glideslope; Land, go-around;

System monitors and failure conditions.

13.4 Communication/navigation (ATA 23/34)
(a) Fundamentals of communication and navigation systems: Level 3 ;No. of MCQ

Radio wave propagation, antennas,
transmission lines, communication, receiver, and transmitter;

Working principles of the following systems: Very high frequency (VHF) communications;

High-frequency (HF) communications; Satellite communications (SATCOM);

Controller pilot data link communications (CPDLC);

Audio systems; Emergency locator transmitters (ELTs);

Cockpit voice recorder (CVR);

Very high frequency omnidirectional range (VOR);

Automatic direction finding (ADF);

Instrument landing system (ILS);

Flight director systems (FDSs), distance measuring equipment (DME);

Area navigation (RNAV) systems;

Flight management systems (FMSs);

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs), Global Positioning System (GPS), ground-based augmentation system (GBAS), satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) such as the European geostationary navigation overlay service (EGNOS) and the wide area augmentation system (WAAS);
Data link and two-way data link.

(b) Fundamentals of aircraft surveillance systems: Level 3 ;No. of MCQ

Air traffic controltransponder, secondary surveillance radar;
Traffic alert and collision avoidance system (TCAS);
Weather avoidance radar; Radio altimeter;
Automatic dependent surveillance broadcast (ADS-B) and its other associated services such as FIS-B, TIS-B and multilink;
Inertial navigation system (INS);
ARINC (Aeronautical Radio Incorporated)
communication and reporting.

13.5 Electric power (ATA 24) Level 3 ;No. of MCQ

Installation and operation of batteries;
DC power generation;

AC power generation;
Emergency power generation;
Voltage regulation;
Power distribution;
Inverters,transformers,
rectifiers; Circuit protection;
External/ground power.

13.6 Equipment and furnishings (ATA 25) Level 3 ;No. of MCQ
Electronic emergency equipment requirements. 3

13.7 Flight controls
(a) Primary and secondary flight controls (ATA 27): Level 2 ;No. of MCQ

Primary controls:

aileron, elevator, rudder, spoiler;
Trim control: trim tabs; High-lift devices; System operation: manual;
Gust locks and gust lock systems;
Artificial feel, yaw damper, Mach trim,
rudder limiter;
Stall-warning systems.

(b) Actuation and protection: Level 2 ;No. of MCQ
 Active load control;
 Lift dump, speed brakes;
 Hydraulic, pneumatic systems;
 Stall-protection systems.

(d) Rotorcraft flight controls (ATA 67): Level 2 ;No. of MCQ
Rotorcraft controls: cyclic control, collective
control, swashplate, yaw control

13.8 Instruments (ATA 31) Level 3 ;No. of MCQ
Classification; Atmosphere; Terminology;
Pressure-measuring devices and
systems; Pitot-static systems;
Altimeters;
Vertical speed indicators;
Airspeed indicators;
Machmeters;
Altitude-reporting/-alerting
systems; Air-data computers;
Instrument pneumatic systems;
Direct-reading pressure and
temperature gauges;
Temperature-indicating systems;
Gyroscopic principles;
Artificial horizons; Slip indicators;
Directional gyros;
Ground proximity warning systems
(GPWSs); Compass systems;
Flight data recording systems (FDRSs);
Electronic flight instrument systems (EFISs) typical system arrangements and cockpit layout;
Instrument warning systems, including master warning systems and centralised warning panels;
Stall-warning systems and angle-of-attack
indicating systems;
Vibration measurement and indication; Glass cockpit;
Types and uses of general test equipment for avionics.

13.9 Lights(ATA 33) Level 3 ;No. of MCQ
External: navigation, anticollision, landing, taxiing, ice;

Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo;
Emergency.

13.10 Onboard maintenance systems(ATA 45) Level 2 ;No. of MCQ
Central maintenance
computers; Data-loading
system;
Electronic library system;
Printing system;
Structure monitoring system (damage-tolerance
monitoring).

13.11 Air conditioning and cabin pressurisation (ATA 21)
(a) Pressurisation: Pressurisation systems; Level 3 ;No. of MCQ
Cabin pressure controllers, control and safety valves;
Control and indication

(b) Air supply: Level 1 ;No. of MCQ
Sources of air supply including engine bleed,
APU and ground cart; Distribution systems

(d) Safety and warning devices. Level 3 ;No. of MCQ-2

13.12 Fire protection (ATA 26)
(a) Fire and smoke detection system and fire-extinguishing systems; Level 3 ;No. of MCQ-2
Fire and smoke detection and warning systems;

Fire-extinguishing systems;
System tests.

(b) Portable fire extinguisher. Level 1 ;No. of MCQ-2

13.13 Fuel systems(ATA 28, ATA 47)
(a) System layout: Level 1 ;No. of MCQ-2
System layout;

Fuel tanks;
Supply systems.
(b) Fuel handling;   Level 2 ;No. of MCQ-2
Cross-feed and transfer; Refuelling and defuelling.
(c) Indications and warnings.   Level 3 ;No. of MCQ-2
(d) Special systems:   Level 1 ;No. of MCQ-2
Dumping, venting and draining;
Inert gas systems.
(e) Balancing:   Level 3 ;No. of MCQ-1
Longitudinal balance fuel systems.

13.14 Hydraulic power (ATA 29)
(a) System layout: Level 1 ;No. of MCQ-1
Systemlayout;
Hydraulic fluids;
Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators;
Filters;
Power distribution.
(b) System operation (1):
Pressure generation: electric and mechanical;

Pressure control;Indication and warning
systems; Servicing.
(c) System operation (2):
Pressure generation:pneumatic;

Emergency pressure generation;
Interface with other systems.

13.15 Ice and rain protection (ATA 30)
(a) Principles:
Ice formation, classification, and detection.

(b) De-icing:
De-icing systems: electrical, hot-air,
pneumatic, and chemical;
Probe and drain heating.

(d) Wiper systems.

(e) Rain repellent.

13.16 Landing gear (ATA 32)
(a) Description: Construction, shock absorbing;
Tyres.

(b) Systems:Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency;

Indications and warnings; Wheels, brakes, antiskid, and autobraking;
Steering

13.17 Oxygen (ATA 35)
System layout: cockpit, cabin;Sources, storage, charging, and distribution;
Supply regulation;Indications and warnings.

13.18 Pneumatic/vacuum (ATA 36)
System layout;
Sources: engine/APU, compressors, reservoirs, ground supply;

Pressure control;
Distribution;
Indications and warnings;
Interfaces with other systems.systems:

13.19 Water/waste (ATA 38)
— Water system layout, supply, distribution,
servicing, and draining;
— Toilet system layout, flushing and servicing.

2 — — — — — 2

13.20 Integrated modular avionics (IMA) (ATA 42) 3 — — — — — —
(a) Overall system description and theory:
Core system;
Network components.
Note: Functions that may be typically
integrated into the integrated modular avionics
(IMA) modules are, among others:
— Bleed management;
— Air pressure control;
— Air ventilation and control;
— Avionics and cockpit ventilation control,
temperature control;
— Air traffic communication;
— Avionics communication router;
— Electrical load management;
— Circuit breaker monitoring;
— Electrical system built-in test equipment
(BITE);
— Fuel management;
— Braking control;
— Steering control;
— Landing gear extension and retraction;
— Tyre pressure indication;
— Oleo pressure indication;
— Brake temperature monitoring.
(b) Typical system layouts.

13.21 Cabin systems (ATA 44)

System architecture, operation and control of systems
for:
— passenger in-flight entertainment;
— communication within the aircraft (cabin
intercommunication data system (CIDS);
— communication between the aircraft cabin and
ground stations,
including voice, data, music and video transmission.
CIDS interface between cockpit/cabin crew and cabin
systems;
Data exchange between the different related line
replaceable units (LRUs);
Flight attendant panels (FAPs).
CNS server and interfaces with the following systems:
— Data/radio communication system;
— Cabin core system (CCS);
— In-flight entertainment system (IFES);
— External communication system (ECS);
— Cabin mass memory system (CMMS);
— Cabin monitoring system (CMS);
— Miscellaneous cabin systems (MCSs).
The CNS may host functions such as:
— access to predeparture/departure reports;
— email/intranet/internet access;
— passenger database.
13.22 Information systems(ATA 46) Level 3 ;No. of MCQ-3
The units and components which furnish a means of storing, updating, and retrieving digital information traditionally provided on paper, microfilm or microfiche. They include units that are dedicated to the information storage and retrieval function, such as the electronic library mass storage and controller, but they do not include units or components installed for other uses and shared with other systems, such as flight deck printer or general-use display.Typical examples include: air traffic and information management systems and network server systems; aircraft general information system; flight deck information system; maintenance
information system; passenger cabin information system; miscellaneous information systems; other linked systems.
13.19 Water/waste (ATA 38)
Water system layout, supply, distribution,
servicing, and draining;
Toilet system layout, flushing and servicing.

2 2

13.20 Integrated modular avionics(IMA) (ATA 42)
(a) Overall system description and
theory: Core system;
Network components.
Note: Functions that may be typically
integrated into the integrated modular
avionics (IMA) modules are, among
others:
 Bleed management; Air pressure
control;
 Air ventilation and control;
 Avionics and cockpit ventilation
control, temperature control;
 traffic communication; Avionics
communication router; Electrical load
management; Air Circuit breaker
monitoring;
 Electrical system built-in test
equipment (BITE);
 Fuel management; Braking control;
Steering control;
 Landing gear extension and retraction;
Tyre pressure indication;
 Oleo pressure indication;
 Brake temperature monitoring.

(b) Typical system layouts. 3
13.21 Cabin systems(ATA 44)
System architecture, operation and control of
systems
for:
passenger in-flight entertainment;
communication within the aircraft (cabin
intercommunication data system (CIDS);
communication between the aircraft cabin
and ground stations,
including voice, data, music and video
transmission. CIDS interface between
cockpit/cabin crew and cabin systems;
Data exchange between the different related line
replaceable units (LRUs);
Flight attendant panels (FAPs).
CNS server and interfaces with the following

Category B2L:

System rating Number of multiple-
choice questions

Time allowed (minutes)

Basic requirements
(Submodules 13.1, 13.2, 13.5 and 13.9)

32 40

COM/NAV
(Submodule 13.4(a))

24 30

INSTRUMENTS
(Submodule 13.8)

20 25

AUTOFLIGHT
(Submodules 13.3 and 13.7)

28 35

SURVEILLANCE
(Submodule 13.4(b))

20 25

AIRFRAME SYSTEMS
(Submodules 13.11 to 13.19)

52 65